what is the strength and what is the weakness in aquinas’s link to eternal law?
What is the eternal law, divine law, natural law, and human constabulary? What is the proper bureaucracy of police force?
"Constabulary is an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in accuse of the community" (St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 90, 4; CCC 1976). Law is primarily a reasonable program of action, "a sure dominion and measure of acts whereby human is induced to deed or is restrained from interim" (S.t., 1–two, q. 90, aa. 1, 3; S.c.g., 3, 114).
Eternal Law is the Divine Wisdom of God which oversees the common good and governs everything. Eternal police force is God'south plan to lead all creation towards God's eternal salvific plan to be holy and blameless before Him through Jesus Christ (Ephesians 1:4–5)[1]. God, as "Being-itself", is able to promulgate such a law as God the Creator's reason is also perfect wisdom. Everything in nature reflects the Eternal Law in their ain natures (S.T. I-IIae, 91, ii)[two]. Things human action co-ordinate to their nature, so they derive their proper ends (final cause) according to the law written into their nature.
Divine Constabulary is the historical laws of Scripture given to the states through God'southward cocky-revelation. Divine police is divided into the Onetime Law and the New Law, which correspond to the Old and New Testaments of the Bible (q91, a5). The Former Law, revealed by God to Moses, "is the outset phase of revealed Police. Its moral prescriptions are summed up in the Ten Commandments" (CCC 1962). It has an extrinsic focus — motivated past fear — and promises earthly rewards (such equally social peace).[3] It expresses firsthand conclusions of the natural moral constabulary.
The New Police perfects the One-time Police force. The New Law, through the teachings of Jesus — commands internal behave — and reaches the states by divine love — promising love and heavenly reward[four]. The New Police "is the Holy Spirit given through faith in Christ, which heals and is expressed through dearest."[5] It gives interior force to reach what it teaches. It is also a written law found in Christ's teachings (in the Sermon on the Mountain, the Beatitudes, etc.) and in the moral catechesis of the apostles, summed upwards in the commandment of love.[6]
Natural Law is "the rational creature'southward participation in the eternal constabulary" (ST I-Two, Q. 91, A. 2.). "The highest norm of human life is the divine law — eternal, objective, and universal — whereby God governs usa according to His wisdom and dear. God makes Man a sharer in His law and then Homo tin can recognize the unchanging truth" (DH 3)[7]. The natural constabulary "hinges upon the want for God and submission to Him, as well equally upon the sense that the other is ane's equal" (CCC 1955).
It is "natural" every bit it consists of Reason given to us by the "college reason" of the divine Lawgiver.[8] They are natural as they are objective principles which originate in homo nature (GS sixteen; DH 14).[9] The natural law is universal considering information technology encompasses every person, of every epoch (cf. CCC 1956): "it is immutable and permanent throughout history; the rules that express information technology remain substantially valid" (CCC 1958).
Every man is bound to live by his rational nature, guided by reason[10]. The natural police force expresses the nobility of the person and determines the ground for his key rights and duties (CCC 1956, 1978). The first principle of the natural law is "skillful is to be done and pursued, and evil avoided" (q94, a2, p. 47; CCC 1954). All other precepts of natural constabulary residue upon this.[11] The Church, through its Magisterium, is the authentic interpreter of the natural law (cf. CCC 2036). Since mankind is subject field to sin, grace and Revelation are necessary for moral truths to be known "past everyone with facility, with certainty and no error."[12]
Man Law is the estimation of natural law in different contexts (ST II.I.95–97). Natural police is a foundation for moral and civil police force. Regime laws are dictates of applied reason from the precepts of Natural Law[13].
Constabulary is not virtually individual morality. Individual vices should exist legislated confronting when they threaten impairment to others.[xiv] Rulers of the Country should accept the general moral precepts of nature and specify them into State laws, e.g., the repugnance of murder is legislated into punishments[15].
Hierarchy of Law
For Aquinas, human laws are derived from natural law which is a participation in the eternal constabulary.[16] Therefore, eternal constabulary is at the superlative, followed by natural law, and and so homo law. Divine law is the revealed law of God to man, while natural law is the imprint of eternal constabulary on the hearts of men[17].
[ane] http://opusdei.org/en-usa/article/topic-26-liberty-constabulary-and-censor/
[two] http://www.aquinasonline.com/Topics/natlaw.html
[three] https://people.wku.edu/january.garrett/302/aquinlaw.htm
[four] https://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/302/aquinlaw.htm
[5] Cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae , I-II, q. 108, a.1.
[vi] http://opusdei.org/en-us/article/topic-26-liberty-police-and-conscience/#_ftn11
[7] http://www.twotlj.org/Thousand-ane-7-A.html
[8] John Paul II, Enc Veritatis splendor , 44.
[9] http://www.twotlj.org/Yard-1-7-A.html
[x] http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09076a.htm
[11] https://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/302/aquinlaw.htm
[12] Pius XII, Enc. Humani generis : DZ 3876. Cf. Catechism , 1960.
[13] https://stpeterslist.com/think-like-a-catholic-7-questions-on-the-four-laws
[xiv] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2012/mar/05/thomas-aquinas-natural-constabulary
[15] https://stpeterslist.com/think-like-a-catholic-vii-questions-on-the-iv-laws
[16] https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1903&context=tcl
[17] https://people.wku.edu/january.garrett/302/aquinlaw.htm
Source: https://medium.com/@teresalee_94155/what-is-the-eternal-law-divine-law-natural-law-and-human-law-d04313acf742
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